Staying in the club: Exploring criteria governing metacommunity membership for obligate symbionts under host–symbiont feedback

Evolution of transmission mode in obligate symbionts.

BACKGROUND A host obtains symbionts by horizontal transmission when infected from the environment or contagiously from other hosts in the same generation. In contrast, vertical transmission occurs when a host obtains its symbionts directly from its parents. Either vertical or horizontal transmission can sustain an association between a host and its symbiont. QUESTIONS What evolutionary forces...

Development in the Tsetse Fly Obligate Symbionts Activate Immune System

the search for the self in becketts theatre: waiting for godot and endgame

this thesis is based upon the works of samuel beckett. one of the greatest writers of contemporary literature. here, i have tried to focus on one of the main themes in becketts works: the search for the real "me" or the real self, which is not only a problem to be solved for beckett man but also for each of us. i have tried to show becketts techniques in approaching this unattainable goal, base...

The role of warehouse club membership fee in retail competition

There are several explanations as to why warehouse clubs charge membership fees and how the fees play a role in the competitive landscape of the retail grocery market. We provide another insight into the nature of the membership fee using a model of price competition between a warehouse club and a supermarket. We show that the warehouse club’s membership fee is an optimal competitive reaction t...

Meteor Stream Membership Criteria

Criteria for the membership of individual meteors in meteor streams are discussed from the point of view of their mathematical and also physical properties. Discussion is also devoted to the motivation. It is shown that standardly used criteria have unusual mathematical properties in the sense of a term “distance”, physical motivation and realization for the purpose of obtaining their final for...